Psychology Theorists, Preferred Methods, and Criticisms Psychology started as the study of consciousness and each theorist had a different definition and preferred methods. This post explores how these theories conceptualize consciousness, offers a mention of preferred methods, and includes one criticism of each. Wilhelm Wundt (1832–1920) During the mid-19th century, the observation of consciousness was one not viewed as a serious scientific activity (Danziger, 1980b, p. 243); a Kantian-inspired way of thinking, which centered around the notion that the mind could not be subjected to quantification and experimentation (Pickren &…